Siyini i-LNG Refueling Station?

Ukuqonda Iziteshi Zokuthela Uphethiloli ze-LNG

Iziteshi ezithela uphethiloli ze-LNG (i-liquefied natural gas) zinezimoto ezithize ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni ezinjengezimoto, amaloli, amabhasi, nemikhumbi.E-China, i-Houpu ingumnikezeli omkhulu weziteshi zokuthela uphethiloli ze-LNG, enesabelo semakethe esingafika ku-60%. Lezi ziteshi zigcina i-LNG emazingeni okushisa abandayo (-162°C noma -260°F) ukuze ilondoloze isimo sayo soketshezi futhi yenze kube lula ukuyigcina nokuthuthwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuthela uphethiloli esiteshini se-LNG, igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi ithuthwa isuka emathangeni esiteshi ukuze igcinwe emotweni engaphakathi kwamathangi e-cryogenic kusetshenziswa amapayipi angokwezifiso nemibhobho egcina amazinga okushisa adingekayo phakathi nayo yonke inqubo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Isiphi isizwe esisebenzisa kakhulu i-LNG?
Ngemva kwengozi yenuzi ka-2011 e-Fukushima, i-Japan, encike kakhulu ku-LNG ekuphehleni ugesi, yaba kumthengi omkhulu emhlabeni wonke osebenzisa i-LNG. I-India, i-South Korea, ne-China zonke zingabasebenzisi ababalulekile be-LNG.Iqembu le-Houpu lasungulwa ngo-2005. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 yentuthuko, seliphenduke ibhizinisi elihamba phambili embonini yamandla ahlanzekile e-China.

Yibuphi ububi be-LNG?

I-LNG inobubi obuthile naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi.
Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthuthukiswa: Ngenxa yesidingo sesitoreji esikhethekile se-cryogenic kanye nezinto zokuhamba, i-LNG iyabiza ukumisa ekuqaleni.
Inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-liquefaction idinga amandla amaningi; phakathi kuka-10 no-25% wamandla egesi yemvelo asetshenziselwa ukuyiguqula ibe yi-LNG.
Izinkathazo zokuphepha: Nakuba i-LNG ingekho engozini njengophethiloli, ukuchitheka kungase kubangele ifu lomhwamuko kanye nokulimala kwe-cryogenic.
Izinsiza ezinomkhawulo zokuthela uphethiloli: Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yesiteshi sokuthela uphethiloli se-LNG kusaqhubeka ezindaweni eziningi.

Nakuba i-LNG inezihibe ezithile, izici zayo ezihlanzekile zisayenza ikwazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezicelo zezakhamuzi, zezimoto nezasolwandle. Iqembu le-Houpu lihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni kusukela ekukhishweni kwe-LNG phezulu komfula kuya ekufakweni kwe-LNG engezansi komfula, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukufaka uphethiloli, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesethi ephelele yemishini.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG negesi evamile?

Umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) kanye nophethiloli ojwayelekile (uphethiloli) uhlanganisa:

Ingabe i-LNG ingcono kunophethiloli?

Kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile nezinto ezibalulekile ukuthi i-LNG “ingcono” kunophethiloli:
Izinzuzo ze-LNG ngaphezu kukaphethiloli:
Izinzuzo zemvelo: I-LNG ikhipha cishe i-CO₂ engaphansi ngo-20–30% kunophethiloli kanye ne-nitrogen oxide encane kakhulu nezinto eziyizinhlayiya.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko: I-LNG ivamise ukushibha kunophethiloli ngokulingana kwamandla, ikakhulukazi emikhunjini eshayela kakhulu.
• Ukunikezwa okuningi: Imithombo yegesi yemvelo mikhulu futhi itholakala emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuphepha: I-LNG ayishi kancane kunophethiloli futhi iyahamba ngokushesha uma ichitheka, okwehlisa ingozi yomlilo.

I-LNG inezihibe ezithile uma iqhathaniswa nophethiloli. Isibonelo, azikho iziteshi ze-LNG eziningi njengoba kuneziteshi zikaphethiloli.
Mancane amamodeli ezimoto enziwa ukuthi asebenze ku-LNG kunakuphethiloli.

• Imikhawulo yobubanzi: Izimoto ze-LNG zingase zingakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide ngenxa yokuthi zinamandla amancane futhi amathangi azo mancane.
• Izindleko eziphakeme zangaphambili: Izimoto ze-LNG nengqalasizinda zidinga imali eyengeziwe ngaphambili.

I-LNG ivamise ukwenza isimo esiqinile sezomnotho nesemvelo sokuhamba ngamaloli nokuthutha, lapho izindleko zikaphethiloli ziba nenani elikhulu lezindleko zokusebenza. Ngenxa yezinkinga zengqalasizinda, izinzuzo azibonakali kangako ezimotweni ezizimele.

Amathrendi e-Global LNG Market

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, imakethe ye-LNG yomhlaba wonke ikhule kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ze-geopolitical, imithetho yezemvelo, kanye nokukhuphuka kwesidingo samandla. Njengoba iNingizimu Korea, i-China, ne-Japan isebenzisa i-LNG kakhulu, i-Asia isaqhubeka nokuba yisifunda esingenisa uphethiloli omningi. Isidingo se-LNG kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazwe ebheke ukushintsha amalahle namafutha aye emithonjeni yamandla ahlanzekile. Ukukhula kwengqalasizinda emincane ye-LNG kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngale kokukhiqizwa kukagesi emikhakheni yezimboni neyokuthutha.

I-Houpu Group yaqala ukwandisa imakethe yayo yamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2020. Imikhiqizo yayo yekhwalithi ephezulu ithole ukuqashelwa okubanzi emakethe, futhi izinsizakalo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zithole ukudunyiswa kumakhasimende. Imishini ye-Houpu ithengiswe eziteshini zokuthela uphethiloli ezingaphezu kuka-7,000 emhlabeni jikelele. I-Houpu ifakwe ngempumelelo ohlwini lwabahlinzeki bezinkampani ezinkulu zamandla zamazwe ngamazwe, ezimele ukuqashelwa kwamandla enkampani ngamabhizinisi aseYurophu asezingeni eliphezulu futhi afuna ngamandla.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

I-LNG igesi yemvelo epholiswe yaba uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa.
I-Japan ingumthengi omkhulu we-LNG emhlabeni. Nakuba i-LNG ikhipha ukukhishwa okuncane kunophethiloli, idinga ingqalasizinda ethile.
I-LNG izifanele kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya izinto zokuthutha ezisindayo.
Ngezinsiza ezintsha zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, imakethe ye-LNG yomhlaba wonke isakhula.