Ukuqonda Iziteshi Zokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen
Izindawo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen (HRS) zisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa izimoto zikagesi eziqhutshwa amaseli kaphethiloli nge-hydrogen. Lezi ziteshi zokugcwalisa zigcina i-hydrogen enomfutho ophezulu futhi zisebenzisa ama-nozzle namapayipi akhethekile ukuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen ezimotweni, uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi zokugcwalisa zendabuko. Uhlelo lokugcwalisa i-hydrogen luba lubalulekile ekunikezeni amandla izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli, ezidala umoya ofudumele kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, njengoba isintu siqhubekela ekuthuthweni okune-carbon ephansi.
Ugcwalisa ngani imoto ye-hydrogen?
Igesi ye-hydrogen ecindezelwe kakhulu (H2), evame ukuba nengcindezi yamabha angu-350 noma amabha angu-700 ezimotweni, isetshenziselwa ukufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni ze-hydrogen. Ukuze igcine ngempumelelo umfutho ophezulu wegesi, i-hydrogen igcinwa emathangini aqiniswe nge-carbon-fiber enziwe ngokwezifiso.
Zisebenza Kanjani Iziteshi Zokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen?
Ukugcwalisa uphethiloli emotweni eyenziwe nge-hydrogen kudinga izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile: 1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Hydrogen: Ukuguqulwa kwe-steam methane (SMR), ukusebenzisa ugesi ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, noma ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza kungenye yezindlela ezizimele ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ukuze isetshenziswe.
- Ukucindezelwa Nokugcinwa Kwegesi: amathangi okugcina aseduze agcina igesi ye-hydrogen ngemva kokuba icindezelwe kahle kuze kube yilapho icindezelwe kakhulu (350–700 bar).
- Ukupholisa Ngaphambi Kokushisa: Ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kokushisa ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa okusheshayo, i-hydrogen kumele ipholiswe ku--40°C ngaphambi kokukhipha.
4. Ukukhipha: Kuhlanganiswa okuvalekile phakathi kwesitsha sokugcina imoto kanye nomlomo oklanywe ngokukhethekile. Inqubo elawulwa ngokucophelela egcina ingcindezi kanye nokushisa kwenza i-hydrogen ikwazi ukungena emathangini okugcina imoto.
5. Izinhlelo Zokuphepha: Imisebenzi eminingana yokuvikela, njengezinhlelo zokucima umlilo, izilawuli zokuvala okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuqapha ukuvuza, kuthembisa ukuthi imisebenzi iphephile.
I-Hydrogen Fuel vs Izimoto Zikagesi
Ingabe uphethiloli we-hydrogen ungcono kunokagesi?
Lokhu kusabela kuncike ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa. Njengoba u-75–90% wokunikezwa kukagesi kuguqulwa kube amandla emasondweni emoto, izimoto ezisebenzisa amabhethri kagesi ngokuvamile zinobungani kakhulu nemvelo. Phakathi kwamaphesenti angamashumi amane namashumi ayisithupha amandla ku-hydrogen angaguqulwa abe amandla okushayela izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen. Kodwa-ke, ama-FCEV anezinzuzo maqondana nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo, isikhathi eside (amamayela angu-300–400 ngethangi), kanye nesikhathi sokugcwalisa uphethiloli (imizuzu emi-3–5 vs. imizuzu engama-30+ yokushaja okusheshayo). Ezimotweni ezinkulu (amaloli, amabhasi) lapho ukugcwalisa uphethiloli ngokushesha kanye nebanga elide kubalulekile, i-hydrogen ingabonakala ifaneleka kakhulu.
| Isici | Izimoto Zamaseli Kaphethiloli E-Hydrogen | Izimoto Zikagesi Zebhethri |
| Isikhathi Sokugcwalisa Uphethiloli/Sokushaja | imizuzu emi-3-5 | Imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni amaningana |
| Ibanga | Amamayela angu-300-400 | Amamayela angu-200-350 |
| Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla | 40-60% | 75-90% |
| Ukutholakala Kwengqalasizinda | Kunqunyelwe (amakhulu eziteshi emhlabeni jikelele) | Okubanzi (izigidi zamaphuzu okushaja) |
| Izindleko Zemoto | Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu (obubizayo bamaseli kaphethiloli) | Ukuncintisana |
Izindleko kanye Nezinto Eziwusizo Okufanele Uzicabangele
Kubiza kangakanani ukugcwalisa kabusha imoto ye-hydrogen?
Njengamanje, ukugcwalisa imoto esebenzisa i-hydrogen ngethangi lonke (cishe ama-5-6 kg e-hydrogen) kuzobiza phakathi kwama-$75 nama-$100, okwenza kube nobubanzi obungamamayela angu-300-400. Lokhu kufinyelela cishe kuma-$16-20 ngekhilogramu ye-hydrogen. Amanani ayahlukahluka ngendawo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ehle njengoba ukukhiqiza kukhula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen enobungani nemvelo. Ezinye izifunda zinikeza izaphulelo ezibiza kancane kumakhasimende.
Ingabe injini yemoto evamile ingasebenza nge-hydrogen?
Nakuba kungavamile, izinjini zokushisa zendabuko zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze zisebenze ku-hydrogen. Ukuqala ngaphambi kokushisa, ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwama-nitrogen oxide, kanye nezinkinga zokugcina kuphakathi kwezinkinga izinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi ze-hydrogen okumelwe zibhekane nazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Namuhla, cishe zonke izimoto ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamaseli kaphethiloli, obusebenzisa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ovela emvelweni ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla aqhuba imoto kagesi ngamanzi kuphela njengomkhiqizo olahlwayo.
Yiliphi izwe elisebenzisa kakhulu uphethiloli we-hydrogen?
Njengoba kuneziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kuka-160 kanye nezinhlelo ezinkulu zokwakha iziteshi ezingu-900 ngo-2030, iJapane namuhla ihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ekusebenziseni uphethiloli owenziwe nge-hydrogen. Amanye amazwe amakhulu ahlanganisa:
IJalimane: Iziteshi ezingaphezu kwe-100, kanti ezingu-400 zihlelelwe ukwenzeka ngo-2035
I-United States: Ineziteshi ezingaba ngu-60, ikakhulukazi eCalifornia
INingizimu Korea: ithuthuka ngokushesha, njengoba kulindelwe iziteshi ezingu-1,200 ngo-2040
IShayina: Ukwenza utshalomali olubalulekile, njengoba kuneziteshi ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisebenzayo njengamanje
Ukukhula Kwesiteshi Sokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen Emhlabeni Wonke
Kwakuneziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingaba ngu-800 emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2023; ngo-2030, lelo nani kulindeleke ukuthi likhule lifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-5,000. Ngenxa yezibonelelo ezivela kohulumeni kanye nokuzinikela kwabakhiqizi ekuthuthukisweni kwamaseli kaphethiloli, iYurophu ne-Asia zisezingeni eliphezulu kule ntuthuko.
Ukugxila Emsebenzini Onzima: Ukwandiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen yamaloli, amabhasi, izitimela, kanye nezicelo zasolwandle
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2025
