UkuqondaIziteshi Zokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Uphethiloli we-hydrogen usuyisinqumo esamukelekayo njengoba umhlaba wonke ushintshela emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzekile. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngeziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen, izinselele ezibhekene nazo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okungenzeka kwezokuthutha.

Iyini iSiteshi Sokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen?

Amaseli kaphethiloli ezimotweni zikagesi angathola uphethiloli we-hydrogen ezindaweni ezithile ezibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen (HRS). Nakuba zenzelwe ukubhekana ne-hydrogen, igesi ebiza izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile kanye nemishini ekhethekile, lezi ziteshi zifana kakhulu neziteshi zikaphethiloli ezivamile.

Uhlelo lokukhiqiza noma lokulethwa kwe-hydrogen,amathangi okupholisa nokugcina, futhiabasabalalisiyizingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen. I-hydrogen ingalethwa esikhungweni ngamapayipi noma ama-tube trailer, noma ingakhiqizwa endaweni kusetshenziswa i-methane reforming nge-steam nomai-electrolysis ukuze ikhiqize.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesiteshi Sokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen:

l Imishini yokukhiqiza noma yokuthutha i-hydrogen emikhunjini

Amayunithi okucindezela l ukwandisa ingcindezi yamathangi e-hydrogen agcina i-hydrogen enomfutho ophezulu kakhulu

 

Ama-Dispenser aqukethe ama-nozzles akhethekile e-FCEV

Imisebenzi yokuphepha efana nokuthola ukuvuza kanye nokuvala ezimweni eziphuthumayo

Iyiphi Inkinga Enkulu Ngamafutha E-Hydrogen?

Imishini yokukhiqiza noma yokuthutha i-hydrogen kumayunithi okucindezela imikhumbi ukuze kwandiswe ingcindezi yamathangi e-hydrogen agcina i-hydrogen enomfutho ophezulu kakhuludama-ispensers anezimbobo ezikhethekile ze-FCEV zokuphepha njengokuthola ukuvuza nokuvala ezimweni eziphuthumayo.Izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla yizona zinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nophethiloli we-hydrogen. Namuhla, ukuguqulwa kwe-steam methane—okusebenzisa igesi yemvelo futhi kukhiqize ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni—kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iningi le-hydrogen. Ngisho noma "i-hydrogen eluhlaza" eyenziwe yi-electrolysis ngamandla avuselelekayo ihlanzekile, izindleko zisephezulu kakhulu.

Lezi yizinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu: Ukuthuthwa Nokugcinwa: Ngenxa yokuthi i-hydrogen inamandla amancane ngokwevolumu yayo, ingacindezelwa noma ipholiswe kuphela ngokucindezela okuphezulu komoya, okubangela ubunzima kanye nezindleko.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo: kubiza izinsiza eziningi ukwakha iziteshi eziningi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli.

Ukulahlekelwa Amandla: Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, ukuncipha, kanye nokushintshaniswa, amaseli kaphethiloli enziwe nge-hydrogen asebenza kancane "kusuka emthonjeni kuya esondweni" kunezimoto zikagesi ezifakwe amabhethri.

Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo kushukumisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe engandisa amathuba okusebenza kwe-hydrogen kwezomnotho.

Ingabe i-Hydrogen Fuel ingcono kune-Electric?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi zebhethri (ama-BEV) nezimoto ezisebenzisa amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen kunzima ngoba, ngokusekelwe enkingeni yokusebenzisa, uhlobo ngalunye lobuchwepheshe lunikeza izinzuzo ezithile.

Isici	Izimoto Zamaseli Kaphethiloli E-Hydrogen	Izimoto Zikagesi Zebhethri
Isikhathi Sokugcwalisa Uphethiloli	Imizuzu emi-3-5 (efana nophethiloli)	Imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni amaningana
Ibanga	Amamayela angu-300-400 ngethangi ngalinye	Amamayela angu-200-300 ngokushaja ngakunye
Ingqalasizinda	Iziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli ezilinganiselwe	Inethiwekhi yokushaja ebanzi
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla	Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kwe-well-to-wheel	Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu
Izicelo	Ezokuthutha ezinde, izimoto ezisindayo	Ukuhamba ngemoto emadolobheni, izimoto ezilula

Izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri ziwusizo kakhulu ekuthuthweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke emadolobheni, kuyilapho izimoto ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen zisebenza kahle ezisetshenziswayo ezidinga amabanga amade kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli ngokushesha, njengamabhasi namaloli.

Zingaki Iziteshi Zokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen Ezikhona Emhlabeni?

Iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 bezisebenza emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2026, futhi kuzohlelwa ukukhula okukhulu eminyakeni elandelayo. Kunezindawo eziningana ezithile laphoisiteshi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogenkuyintokuthuthwe:

Nge-over fiamakhuluIziteshi, i-Asia ithatha imakethe, ikakhulukazi equkethe amazwe aseNingizimu Korea (iziteshi ezingaphezu kwe-100) kanye neJapan (iziteshi ezingaphezu kwe-160).imaketheikhula ngokushesha ngoba uhulumeni unezinhloso ezinkulu.

Njengoba ineziteshi ezicishe zibe yi-100, iJalimane iphambili kuneYurophu, ineziteshi ezingaba ngamakhulu amabili. Ngo-2030, i-European Union ihlela ukukhuphula iziteshi zibe izinkulungwane.

Iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-80 zinezindawo zokuthengisa eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezivela eCalifornia, kanti ezinye ezimbalwa ziseCanada kanye nesifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States.

Njengoba kubikezelwa ukuthi kungase kube neziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030, izifundazwe yonke indawo zilethe izinqubomgomo eziklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ze-hydrogen.

Kungani i-Hydrogen Fuel ingcono kune-Petroli?

Uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha endabuko enziwe ngamafutha, uphethiloli we-hydrogen unezinzuzo eziningi ezahlukene:

Akukho Kungcoliswa Komoya: amaseli kaphethiloli asebenzisa i-hydrogen agwema ukukhishwa kwegesi okuyingozi okubangela ukungcola komoya kanye nokufudumala kwamazinga okushisa ngokukhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi njengomphumela ongemuhle.

Isidingo Samandla Aluhlaza: Umjikelezo wamandla ahlanzekile ungadalwa ngokudala i-hydrogen kusetshenziswa imithombo yemvelo njengokukhanya kwelanga namandla omoya.

Ukuphepha Kwamandla: ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kuzwelonke okuvela emithonjeni eminingana kunciphisa ukuthembela kuphethiloli wangaphandle.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezisebenzisa izinjini ezishisa uphethiloli, izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli zisebenza kahle cishe ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

Imisebenzi Ethule: Ngenxa yokuthi izimoto ze-hydrogen zisebenza kahle, zinciphisa ukungcola komsindo emadolobheni.

Izinzuzo eziluhlaza ze-hydrogen zenza kube yindlela ekhangayo yokufaka esikhundleni sikaphethiloli esikhundleni sokuhamba okuhlanzekile, noma kunjalo izinkinga zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha zisaqhubeka.

Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukwakha Isiteshi Sokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen?

Isikhathi sokwakha isiteshi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen sincike kakhulu ezintweni eziningana njengobukhulu besiteshi, indawo yokusebenza, imithetho yokuvumela, nokuthi i-hydrogen iyanikezwa noma yenziwa endaweni.

Eziteshini ezimbalwa ezinezingxenye eziklanywe kusengaphambili nezincishisiwe, amashejuli ajwayelekile angaphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neziyishumi nambili.

Eziteshini ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinezindawo zokukhiqiza ezisendaweni, kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-24.

Izici ezilandelayo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta isikhathi sokwakha: ukukhetha indawo nokuhlela

Izimvume nezimvume ezidingekayo

Ukuthola nokuhlinzeka ngemishini

Ukwakha nokusetha

Ukusetha kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha

Ukufakwa kwezitshalo zamandla ze-hydrogen manje sekuyasebenza kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko entsha ekwakhiweni kweziteshi ze-modular eziye zacindezela isikhathi sokuklama.

Ungakanani Ugesi Ovela Ku-1 kg Ye-Hydrogen?

Ukusebenza kwesistimu yamaseli okunika amandla kuncike enanini likagesi elingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ikhilogremu elilodwa le-hydrogen. Ezisetshenzisweni zansuku zonke:

Ikhilogremu elilodwa le-hydrogen lingasebenzisa imoto evamile esebenza ngamaseli kaphethiloli cishe amamayela angu-60-70.

Ikhilogremu elilodwa le-hydrogen linamandla acishe abe ngu-33.6 kWh.

Ikhilogremu elilodwa le-hydrogen lingakhiqiza cishe ugesi ongu-15-20 kWh ongasetshenziswa ngemva kokubhekwa kokuthembeka kwamaseli kaphethiloli (ngokuvamile u-40-60%).

Ukuze sikubeke lokhu esimweni, umndeni ovamile waseMelika usebenzisa cishe ama-kWh angamashumi amathathu kagesi ngosuku, okubonisa ukuthi, uma kuguqulwa ngempumelelo, ama-2 kg e-hydrogen angase asebenze ekhaya usuku lonke.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuguqulwa Kwamandla:

Izimoto ezisebenzisa amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle "ngokushelelayo" phakathi kuka-25–35%, kuyilapho izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa amabhethri zivame ukusebenza ngo-70–90%. Ukulahlekelwa amandla ekwenziweni kwe-hydrogen, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, ukuthutha, kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaseli kaphethiloli yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalo mehluko.