Ukuqonda Iziteshi Zokuthela I-Hydrogen: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Uphethiloli we-hydrogen usuphenduke indawo eyamukelekayo njengoba imbulunga ishintshela emithonjeni ehlanzekile yamandla. Le ndatshana ikhuluma ngeziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen, izinselelo ezibhekana nazo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ezintweni zokuhamba.

Siyini Isiteshi Sokuthela I-Hydrogen?

Amaseli amafutha ezimoto zikagesi angathola uphethiloli we-hydrogen ezindaweni ezithile ezibizwa nge-hydrogen refueling stations (HRS). Yize zenzelwe ukubhekana ne-hydrogen, igesi ebizwa ngezinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha nemishini ekhethekile, lezi ziteshi zifana ngobuhle neziteshi zikaphethiloli ezivamile.

Isistimu yokukhiqiza noma yokulethwa kwe-hydrogen, amathangi okupholisa nawokugcina, nama-dispensers yizingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu zesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen. I-hydrogen ingalethwa endaweni ngamapayipi noma ama-trailer amashubhu, noma ingakhiqizwa endaweni kusetshenziswa i-methane reforming ngesitimu noma nge-electrolysis ukuyikhiqiza.

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zesiteshi Sokuthela I-Hydrogen:

l Izimpahla zokukhiqiza noma zokuthutha i-hydrogen emikhunjini

l amayunithi okucindezela ukukhulisa umfutho wamathangi e-hydrogen agcinela i-hydrogen enengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu

l Izikhiqizo ezinezimbobo ezikhethekile ze-FCEV

l Imisebenzi yokuphepha njengokuthola ukuvuza nokuvalwa ezimeni eziphuthumayo

Iyiphi Inkinga Enkulu Nge-Hydrogen Fuel?

Izisetshenziswa zokukhiqiza noma zokuthutha i-hydrogen iye emikhunjini yokucindezela amayunithi ukuze kwandiswe umfutho wamathangi e-hydrogen agcinela i-hydrogen enengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu.dama-ispens ane-FCEV ekhethekile yokuphepha imibhobho isebenza njengokuthola ukuvuza nokuvalwa ezimeni eziphuthumayo.Izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla yizinkinga eziyinhloko ezibhekene ne-hydrogen fuel. Namuhla, ukuguqulwa kwe-steam methane—okusebenzisa igesi yemvelo futhi kukhiqize ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni—kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iningi le-hydrogen. Ngisho noma “i-hydrogen eluhlaza” eyenziwe nge-electrolysis enamandla avuselelekayo ihlanzekile, izindleko zisaphakeme kakhulu.

Lezi izinselele ezibaluleke nakakhulu: Ezokuthutha Nokugcina: Ngenxa yokuthi i-hydrogen inamandla amancane ngomthamo wayo, ingahlanganiswa kuphela noma ipholiswe ngaphansi kwezingcindezi eziphezulu zomoya, okubangela ubunkimbinkimbi nezindleko.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinsiza: kubiza izinsiza eziningi ukwakha iziteshi eziningi zokuthela uphethiloli.

Ukulahlekelwa Amandla: Ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuncishiswa, nokushintshisana, amangqamuzana kaphethiloli enziwe nge-hydrogen anokusebenza okunciphile “ukusuka emthonjeni kuya esondweni” kunezimoto zikagesi ezifakwe amabhethri.

Naphezu kwalobu bunzima ukusekelwa kukahulumeni kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo lukhuthaza intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe engakhuphula ukubakhona kwezomnotho kwe-hydrogen.

Ingabe I-Hydrogen Fuel Ingcono Kunogesi?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi zebhethri (ama-BEV) nezimoto ezinikezwa amandla amaseli e-hydrogen fuel kunzima ngoba, ngokusekelwe enkingeni yokusebenzisa, lonke uhlobo lobuchwepheshe lunikeza izinzuzo ezithile.

Izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri ziwusizo kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwansuku zonke nasekusetshenzisweni emadolobheni, kuyilapho izimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen zisebenza kahle ezisetshenziswa ezidinga amabanga amade nokugcwaliswa kukaphethiloli okusheshayo, njengamabhasi namaloli.

Zingaki Iziteshi Zokuthela I-Hydrogen Emhlabeni?

Iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 bezisebenza emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2026, futhi ukukhula okukhulu kuzohlelwa eminyakeni elandelayo. Kunezindawo eziningana eziqondile lapho i-i-hydrogen refueling stationkuyintouthuthiwe:

Nge over finge amakhuluiziteshi, i-Asia ithatha imakethe, ngokuyinhloko ehlanganisa amazwe aseNingizimu Korea (iziteshi ezingaphezu kwe-100) neJapane (iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-160). eChinaimaketheikhula ngesivinini ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni unezinhloso ezinkulu.

Njengoba cishe iziteshi eziyi-100, iJalimane ihamba phambili kune-Europe, iziqhayisa cishe ngeziteshi ezingamakhulu amabili. Ngo-2030, i-European Union ihlela ukukhuphula izinkulungwane zeziteshi.

Iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-80 zinezitolo eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezivela eCalifornia, nezinye ezimbalwa eCanada kanye nesifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States.

Ngokuqagela okusikisela ukuthi kungase kube neziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030, ithi yonke indawo ilethe imigomo etafuleni eklanyelwe ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ze-hydrogen.

Kungani I-Hydrogen Fuel Ingcono Kunophethiloli?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibaseli zendabuko ezenziwe ngamafutha, i-hydrogen fuel inezinzuzo eziningi ezahlukene:

Ukungcoliswa Komoya OkunguZero: Amaseli kaphethiloli anamandla e-hydrogen agwema ukukhishwa kwepayipi eliyingozi elibasela ukungcoliswa komoya kanye namazinga okushisa ashisayo ngokukhiqiza umhwamuko nje wamanzi njengomphumela oseceleni.

Isidingo Samandla Aluhlaza: Umjikelezo wamandla ahlanzekile ungadalwa ngokudala i-hydrogen kusetshenziswa imithombo yemvelo njengokukhanya kwelanga namandla omoya.

I-Energy Security: ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kuzwelonke okuvela emithonjeni eminingi kunciphisa ukuthembela ku-petroleum yangaphandle.

Ukusebenza Okuphakeme Kakhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezisetshenziswa izinjini ezishisa uphethiloli, izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli cishe ziphakathi kokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunokusebenza kahle.

Ukusebenza Kuthule: Ngenxa yokuthi izimoto ze-hydrogen zisebenza kahle, zinciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo emadolobheni.

Izinzuzo eziluhlaza ze-hydrogen zikwenza kube inketho ekhangayo ukufaka uphethiloli esikhundleni sokushintshwa kwezinto zokuhamba ezihlanzekile, nokho izinkinga zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha zisaqhubeka.

Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukwakha Isiteshi Sokubasa I-Hydrogen?

Umugqa wesikhathi wokwakha wesiteshi esithela amafutha e-hydrogen uncike kakhulu ezintweni eziningi ezifana nobukhulu besiteshi, indawo yokusebenza, imithetho evumela ukuthi i-hydrogen inikeziwe noma ikhiqizwe esizeni.

Eziteshini ezimbalwa ezinezingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili nezincishisiwe, amashejuli ajwayelekile aphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neziyishumi nambili.

Eziteshini ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezindawo zokukhiqiza ezikusayithi, kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kwezingama-24.

Izinto ezilandelayo ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta isikhathi sokwakha: ukukhetha indawo nokuhlela

Izimvume ezidingekayo nezimvume

Ukuthola nokuhlinzeka ngezinto zokusebenza

Ukwakha nokumisa

Ukusetha nokuhlola kokuphepha

Ukuthunyelwa kwezitshalo zamandla e-hydrogen manje sekusebenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana ngenxa yentuthuko entsha emiklamo yesiteshi esinemigqa yesikhathi ecindezelwe yokuklama.

Ungakanani Ugesi osuka ku-1 kg yeHydrojeni?

Ukusebenza kwesistimu yamaseli aphehla uphethiloli kuncike enanini likagesi ongaphehlwa kusetshenziswa ikhilogremu eyodwa ye-hydrogen. Kuzicelo zansuku zonke:

Ikhilogremu eyodwa ye-hydrogen ingase inike amandla imoto evamile esebenzisa uphethiloli ngamamayela angaba ngu-60–70.

Ikhilogremu eyodwa ye-hydrogen icishe ibe ngu-33.6 kWh wamandla.

Ikhilogremu eyodwa ye-hydrogen ingakhiqiza cishe u-15–20 kWh kagesi ongasebenziseka ngemva kokucatshangelwa ukwethembeka kwe-fuel cell (imvamisa engu-40–60%).

Ukubeka lokhu kumongo, umndeni ojwayelekile waseMelika usebenzisa cishe ama-kWh angamashumi amathathu kagesi ngosuku, okubonisa ukuthi, uma iguqulwa ngempumelelo, u-2 kg we-hydrogen angase asebenzise indawo yokuhlala usuku.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla:

Izimoto ezinikwa amandla amaseli e-hydrogen fuel ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle "i-well-to-wheel" phakathi kuka-25-35%, kuyilapho izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngamabhethri ngokuvamile zisebenza ngo-70-90%. Ukulahlekelwa amandla ekwakhiweni kwe-hydrogen, ukuwohloka, ezokuthutha, nokuguqulwa kwamaseli kaphethiloli yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalo mehluko.