I-LNG vs CNG: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhetha Kwamafutha Egesi

Ukuqonda umehluko, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nekusasa le-LNG ne-CNG embonini yamandla ethuthukayo

Iyiphi engcono i-LNG noma i-CNG?

"Okungcono" kuncike ngokuphelele kuhlelo lokusebenza olusetshenziswayo. I-LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), enguketshezi ku--162°C, inamandla amakhulu kakhulu, iyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezimotweni zokuthutha amabanga amade, imikhumbi, nezitimela. ezidinga ukuba nebanga elide ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinto zokuhamba ezihamba amabanga amafushane njengamatekisi, amabhasi, namaloli amancane zifaneleka kakhulu igesi yemvelo ecindezelwe (CNG), leyo engagcinwa njengegesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi inokuminyana kwamandla okuphansi. Ukukhetha kuncike ekuzuzeni ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokufinyeleleka kwengqalasizinda kanye nezidingo zobubanzi.

Yiziphi izimoto ezingasebenza ku-CNG?

Lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli lungasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezakhiwe noma ezishintshiwe zasebenzisa igesi yemvelo ecindezelwe (CNG). Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-CNG kufaka phakathi izimoto zedolobha, amatekisi, amaloli asusa udoti, kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi zasedolobheni (amabhasi). Izimoto ze-CNG ezikhiqizwe efekthri nazo zihlinzekwa ngezimoto eziningi zabagibeli, njengezinguqulo ezithile ze-Honda Civic noma i-Toyota Camry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhithi okuguqula angasetshenziswa ukubuyekeza izimoto eziningi ezinezinjini zikaphethiloli ukuze zisebenze kuzo zombili imodi yamafutha (uphethiloli/CNG), enikeza ukuguquguquka nokonga ezindlekweni.

Ingabe i-LNG ingasetshenziswa ezimotweni?

Nakuba kungenzeka ngokombono, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka ezimotweni ezivamile. Ukuze kugcinwe uketshezi oluthi -162°C, i-LNG idinga amathangi okugcina ayinkimbinkimbi, abiza kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zikhulu, ziyabiza, futhi azifanele indawo yangaphakathi elinganiselwe yezimoto zokuhamba. Kulezi zinsuku, amaloli anamandla, ahamba amabanga amade nezinye izimoto ezinkulu zezentengiselwano ezinezikhala zamathangi amakhulu kanye nekhono lokuzuza inzuzo ebangeni elide le-LNG cishe yizona kuphela izimoto eziyisebenzisayo.

Yibuphi ububi be-CNG njengophethiloli?

Ububi obukhulu be-CNG ububanzi bayo obunomkhawulo bokushayela uma kuqhathaniswa nodizili noma uphethiloli kanye nesistimu yayo elinganiselwe yeziteshi zokuthela uphethiloli, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka. Ngenxa yokuthi amathangi e-CNG makhulu futhi ayasinda, avame ukuthatha indawo enkulu yomthwalo, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu ukuthenga noma ukuguqula ekuqaleni. Ukwengeza, izikhathi zokufaka uphethiloli zinde kakhulu kunezibaseli eziwuketshezi, futhi ukusebenza kungase kube ngaphansi kancane kunezinjini ezifanayo ezisebenza ngophethiloli.

Zingaki iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-CNG ezikhona eNigeria?

Uhlelo lwaseNigeria lweziteshi zikaphethiloli ze-CNG lusathuthukiswa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Imibiko yakamuva evela embonini ibonisa ukuthi kuseneziteshi ezimbalwa zomphakathi ze-CNG ezisebenza ngokuqagela okusukela eziteshini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-20. Iningi lalawa litholakala emadolobheni amakhulu njengeLagos ne-Abuja. Nokho, eminyakeni ezayo, leli nani cishe lizokhuphuka ngokushesha ngenxa “Yohlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwegesi” lukahulumeni, olusekela igesi yemvelo njengomthombo wamandla oyongayo futhi ongangeni emvelweni ezokuthutha.

Ingakanani impilo yethangi le-CNG?

Amathangi e-CNG anobude besikhathi obunzima bokusetshenziswa, obuboniswa usuku lokusetshenziswa kusukela ngesikhathi sokwenziwa esikhundleni samashumi eminyaka. Inani elikhulu lezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe zifuna ukuthi amathangi e-CNG, noma ngabe enziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa noma insimbi, abe nempilo yokusebenzisa iminyaka engu-15-20. kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo esisobala, ithangi idinga ukulungiswa ngemva kwesikhashana ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okwenzekayo. Njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokulungisa njalo, amathangi nawo adinga ukuthi izinga lawo lihlolwe ngokuhlolwa okubukwayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi njalo.

Yikuphi okungcono, i-LPG noma i-CNG?

Zombili i-CNG noma i-LPG (i-liquefied petroleum gas) ezinye izindlela zikaphethiloli ezinezici ezikhethekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LPG (propane/butane), esinda kakhulu kunomoya futhi ekwazi ukwakha, i-CNG, okuyi-methane ngokuyinhloko, izacile kunomoya futhi ihlakazeka ngokushesha uma iphuka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CNG ishisa kahle kakhulu, ishiya amadiphozithi ambalwa ezingxenyeni zenjini. I-LPG, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inohlelo lokugcwalisa uphethiloli olusungulwe kakhudlwana nolunwebekayo emhlabeni wonke, ukugcwala okukhulu kwamandla, kanye nebanga elingcono. Lokhu kukhetha kuvame ukuthintwa yizindleko zikaphethiloli kulesi sifunda, izinombolo zezimoto, kanye nesistimu yosekelo ekhona manje.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG ne-CNG?

Isimo sabo somzimba nezindlela zokugcina lapho umehluko omkhulu uvela khona. Igesi yemvelo ecindezelweyo, noma i-CNG, ihlala isesimweni segesi lapho kunengcindezi ephezulu (imvamisa engu-200–250 bar). I-LNG, noma igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi, iyigesi ekhiqizwa ngokwehlisa igesi yemvelo iye ku--162°C, iyiguqule ibe uketshezi futhi inciphise inani elikuyo cishe izikhathi ezingu-600. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-LNG inenani elikhulu kakhulu lamandla kune-CNG, okuyenza ifaneleke ukuthutha amabanga amade lapho ukubekezela kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, idinga imishini yokugcina i-cryogenic ebizayo futhi ebizayo.

Iyini inhloso yethangi le-LNG?

Idivayisi yokugcina i-cryogenic ethize kakhulu ithangi le-LNG. Umgomo oyinhloko ukwehlisa i-boil-off gas (BOG) ngokugcina i-LNG esimweni sayo soketshezi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elisondele ku -162°C. Lawa mathangi anomklamo onzima wezindonga ezimbili ezinokufakwa okuphezulu kokusebenza phakathi kwezindonga ne-vacuum ngaphakathi. I-LNG ingagcinwa futhi ihanjiswe amabanga amade kusetshenziswa amaloli, imikhumbi, nezindawo ezimile zokugcina ezinomonakalo omncane ngenxa yalo mklamo.

Siyini isiteshi se-CNG?

Indawo ekhethekile ehlinzeka ngophethiloli wezimoto ezinikwa amandla yi-CNG ibizwa ngesiteshi se-CNG. Igesi yemvelo ngokuvamile ithuthelwa kuyo ngengcindezi ephansi ngohlelo lwezokuthutha olungomakhelwane. Ngemva kwalokho, leli gesi liyahlanzwa, lipholiswe, futhi licindezelwe ngezigaba eziningi kusetshenziswa ama-compressor aqinile ukuze kuzuzwe izingcindezi eziphakeme kakhulu (phakathi kwama-200 nama-250 bar). Amapayipi okugcina anezimpophoma asetshenziselwa ukubamba igesi enomfutho omkhulu kakhulu. uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli, kodwa kusetshenziswa igesi enomfutho ophezulu, igesi ihanjiswa kulawa mabhange okugcina ingene emotweni ngaphakathi kwethangi le-CNG kusetshenziswa i-dispenser ekhethekile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG negesi evamile?

Uphethiloli uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi igesi “evamile”. I-liquefied gas natural gas methane, noma i-LNG, iyigesi yemvelo engenabungozi efakwe ngempumelelo kwisitoreji Ingxube ewuketshezi eguquliwe yama-hydrocarbon ahlukene abizwa ngokuthi uphethiloli wenziwa ngamafutha acwengisisiwe. Ngokuphambene nohlelo lwe-LNG olusathuthuka, uphethiloli unenani elikhulu lamandla ngenani ngalinye futhi ujabulela izinzuzo zenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yokufaka uphethiloli.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa

Isiphetho

Ekushintsheni kumandla ahlanzekile, i-LNG ne-CNG yizixazululo ezizuzisanayo esikhundleni semikhiqizo encintisanayo. Kumabanga amade, ezokuthutha ezingathi sína, lapho ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamandla ayo kunikeza ububanzi obudingekayo, i-LNG iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-CNG iyisixazululo esisebenza kahle futhi esiqaphela imvelo samabhizinisi namadolobha anamaloli asebenza ukukhanya okufanele ahambe ibanga elilinganiselwe. Zombili izibaseli zizodingeka ukuthuthukisa ukushintsha kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, nokwehlisa izindleko zikaphethiloli ezimakethe ezikhulayo njengeNigeria. Izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto, ububanzi bokusebenza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zasendaweni konke kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwazo.