I-LNG vs CNG: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhetha Uphethiloli Wegesi

Ukuqonda umehluko, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nekusasa le-LNG kanye ne-CNG embonini yamandla ethuthukayo

Yikuphi okungcono nge-LNG noma i-CNG?

"Kungcono" kuncike ngokuphelele ekusetshenzisweni okusetshenziswayo. I-LNG (i-Liquefied Natural Gas), ewuketshezi ku--162°C, inamandla amakhulu kakhulu, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezimotweni zokuhamba ezikude, imikhumbi, kanye nezitimela. Okudingeka kube nebanga elide kakhulu. Ukuthutha okufushane njengamatekisi, amabhasi, namaloli amancane kufaneleka kakhulu kugesi yemvelo ecindezelwe (i-CNG), engagcinwa njengegesi ngaphansi komfutho ophezulu futhi enomthamo wamandla ophansi. Ukukhetha kuncike ekufinyeleleni ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokufinyeleleka kwengqalasizinda nezidingo zobubanzi.

Yiziphi izimoto ezingasebenza ku-CNG?

Lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli lungasetshenziswa ezimotweni eziklanywe noma eziguqulwe ukuze zisebenze ngegesi yemvelo ecindezelwe (i-CNG). Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-CNG kufaka phakathi izimoto zedolobha, amatekisi, amaloli okususa udoti, kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi zedolobha (amabhasi). Izimoto ze-CNG ezikhiqizwe efektri nazo zinikezwa ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, njengezinguqulo ezithile ze-Honda Civic noma i-Toyota Camry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhithi okuguqula angasetshenziswa ukuvuselela izimoto eziningi ngezinjini zikaphethiloli ukuze zisebenze ngemodi kaphethiloli (uphethiloli/i-CNG), okunikeza ukuguquguquka nokonga izindleko.

Ingabe i-LNG ingasetshenziswa ezimotweni?

Nakuba kungenzeka ngokombono, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka ezimotweni ezivamile. Ukuze kugcinwe isimo soketshezi esingu--162°C, i-LNG idinga ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi,amathangi okugcina izinto ezibizayo ezibizayoLezi zinhlelo zinkulu, ziyabiza, futhi azifaneleki endaweni elinganiselwe yangaphakathi yezimoto zokuhamba ezincane. Kulezi zinsuku, amaloli anamandla, amabanga amade kanye nezinye izimoto ezinkulu zezentengiselwano ezinesikhala samathangi amakhulu kanye nekhono lokuthola izinzuzo ezivela ebangeni elide le-LNG cishe yizona kuphela izimoto eziyisebenzisayo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-CNG njengophethiloli?

Izinkinga ezinkulu ze-CNG ukuthi inebanga elilinganiselwe lokushayela uma liqhathaniswa nedizili noma uphethiloli kanye nohlelo lwayo olulinganiselwe lweziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.Amathangi e-CNGzinkulu futhi zisinda, zivame ukuthatha indawo eningi yemithwalo, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zivame ukubiza kakhulu ukuzithenga noma ukuziguqula ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhathi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli zithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunasezinjini eziwuketshezi, futhi ukusebenza kungase kube ngaphansi kancane kunezinjini ezifanayo eziqhutshwa uphethiloli.

Zingaki iziteshi zokugcwalisa ze-CNG eNigeria?

Uhlelo lwaseNigeria lwe-Iziteshi zikaphethiloli ze-CNGisathuthukiswa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Imibiko yakamuva evela embonini ikhombisa ukuthi kuseneziteshi ezimbalwa zomphakathi ze-CNG ezisebenzayo kanye nokuqagelwa okusukela eziteshini eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-20. Iningi lalezi zitholakala emadolobheni amakhulu njengeLagos ne-Abuja. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni ezayo, leli nani cishe lizokhuphuka ngokushesha ngenxa ye-"Gas Development Project" kahulumeni, esekela igesi yemvelo njengomthombo wamandla ongabizi kakhulu futhi onobungane nemvelo wezokuthutha.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila sethangi le-CNG?

Amathangi e-CNG anobude obunzima bokusetshenziswa, okuvame ukuboniswa usuku lokusetshenziswa kusukela ngesikhathi sokwenziwa esikhundleni samashumi eminyaka. Inani elikhulu lezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe lifuna ukuthi amathangi e-CNG, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi enziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa noma insimbi, abe nokuphila kweminyaka engu-15-20 kokusetshenziswa. kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, ithangi lidinga ukulungiswa ngemva kwesikhashana ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okwenzekayo. Njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokulungisa ezivamile, amathangi nawo adinga ukuhlolwa ikhwalithi yawo ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi njalo.

Yikuphi okungcono, i-LPG noma i-CNG?

Zombili i-CNG noma i-LPG (igesi kaphethiloli encibilikisiwe) ziyizindlela zokusebenzisa uphethiloli ezinezici ezikhethekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LPG (i-propane/i-butane), esinda kakhulu kunomoya futhi ekwazi ukwakheka, i-CNG, okuyi-methane ngokuyinhloko, incane kunomoya futhi iyaqhekeka ngokushesha uma iphuka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CNG isha kahle kakhulu, ishiya amadiphozithi ambalwa ezingxenyeni zenjini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-LPG inesistimu yokugcwalisa uphethiloli ezinzile futhi ebanzi emhlabeni wonke, ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwamandla, kanye nobubanzi obungcono. Lokhu kukhetha kuvame ukuthintwa yizindleko zikaphethiloli kulesi sifunda, inani lezimoto, kanye nohlelo lokusekela olukhona njengamanje.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG ne-CNG?

Isimo sabo somzimba kanye nezindlela zokugcina yizo ezenza umehluko omkhulu ube khona. Igesi yemvelo ecindezelwe, noma i-CNG, ihlala isesimweni segesi ngokucindezela okuphezulu (ngokuvamile amabha angu-200–250). I-LNG, noma igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe, iyigesi ekhiqizwa ngokwehlisa igesi yemvelo ibe yi--162°C, eyiguqula ibe uketshezi futhi inciphise inani eliqukethe cishe izikhathi ezingu-600. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-LNG inamandla amaningi kakhulu kune-CNG, okwenza ifanelekele ukuthuthwa ibanga elide lapho ukukhuthazela kubalulekile khona. Kodwa-ke, idinga imishini yokugcina ebizayo nebizayo ye-cryogenic.

Iyini inhloso yalokhu?Ithangi le-LNG?

Idivayisi yokugcina izinto ezicijile kakhulu yithangi le-LNG. Umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa igesi ebilayo (i-BOG) ngokugcina i-LNG isesimweni sayo soketshezi ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu okuseduze no-162°C. Lawa matanki anomklamo onzima wezindonga ezimbili one-insulation esebenza kahle phakathi kwezindonga kanye ne-vacuum ngaphakathi. I-LNG ingagcinwa futhi ithuthwe amabanga amade kusetshenziswa amaloli, imikhumbi, nezindawo zokugcina ezimile ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yalo mklamo.

KuyiniIsiteshi se-CNG?

Indawo ekhethekile enikeza uphethiloli ezimotweni ezisebenzisa i-CNG ibizwa ngokuthi isiteshi se-CNG. Igesi yemvelo ngokuvamile ithuthwa iye kuyo ngomfutho ophansi ngohlelo lwayo lokuthutha oluseduze. Ngemva kwalokho, le gesi iyahlanzwa, ipholiswe, futhi icindezelwe ngezigaba eziningi kusetshenziswa ama-compressor aqinile ukuze kufezwe umfutho ophezulu kakhulu (phakathi kwamabha angu-200 no-250). Amapayipi okugcina anezimpophoma asetshenziselwa ukubamba igesi enomfutho ophezulu kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcwalisa uphethiloli ngophethiloli, kodwa kusetshenziswa igesi enomfutho ophezulu, igesi ilethwa kulezi zindawo zokugcina impahla iye ethangini elingaphakathi lemoto le-CNG kusetshenziswa i-dispenser ekhethekile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LNG negesi evamile?

Uphethiloli uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi igesi "evamile". Igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe i-methane, noma i-LNG, iyigesi yemvelo engenangozi efakwe kahle endaweni yokugcina. Ingxube ewuketshezi eguquliwe yama-hydrocarbon ahlukene abizwa ngokuthi uphethiloli yenziwa ngophethiloli ohlungiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, i-LNG ikhiqiza izinto ezingeyona ingozi kangako (njenge-nitrogen oxides (NOx), ama-sulfur oxides, kanye nezinto ezincane) ngesikhathi sokusha, kanti imikhiqizo eyinhloko iyi-carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi. Ngokungafani nohlelo lwe-LNG olusathuthuka, uphethiloli unamandla amaningi ngenani ngalinye futhi ujabulela izinzuzo zenethiwekhi yokugcwalisa uphethiloli yomhlaba wonke ethuthukisiwe kabanzi.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa

Isici	I-LNG (Igesi Yemvelo Encibilikisiwe)	I-CNG (Igesi Yemvelo Ecindezelwe)
Isimo Somzimba	Uketshezi	Igesi
Ubuningi Bamandla	Phezulu Kakhulu	Okuphakathi nendawo
Izicelo Eziyinhloko	Amaloli anzima, Imikhumbi, Izitimela	Amabhasi, Amatekisi, Izimoto ezilula
Ingqalasizinda	Iziteshi ezikhethekile ze-cryogenic, ezingavamile kakhulu	Iziteshi zokugcwalisa, inethiwekhi iyanda
Amandla Obubanzi	Ibanga elide	Ibanga eliphakathi kuya kwelifushane
Ingcindezi Yesitoreji	Ukucindezela okuphansi (kodwa kudinga izinga lokushisa elikhanyayo)	Umfutho ophezulu (ibha engu-200-250)

Isiphetho

Ekushintsheleni emandleni ahlanzekile, i-LNG kanye ne-CNG ziyizixazululo ezizuzisayo zombili esikhundleni semikhiqizo encintisanayo. Ngamabanga amade, ezokuthutha ezingathi sína, lapho amandla ayo aphezulu enikeza ububanzi obudingekayo, i-LNG iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-CNG iyisisombululo esisebenza kahle futhi esiqaphela imvelo samabhizinisi namadolobha anamaloli alula okumele ahambe ibanga elilinganiselwe. Womabili amafutha azodingeka ekuthuthukiseni ushintsho lwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zikaphethiloli ezimakethe ezikhulayo njengeNigeria. Izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto, ububanzi bokusebenza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zasendaweni kufanele konke kuthathwe ngokucophelela lapho ukhetha phakathi kwazo.